![Roman soldier and Jesus 2]()
Introduction
The aim for any diligent student of God’s Word should be to handle the original languages of both Testaments along with the grammar. The Old Testament Hebrew is vague, which many times makes this point moot, but the Greek is a very precise and detailed language with many nuances found within the grammar, especially the verb, though the noun can be just as revealing, simply little harder to learn.
Nuance and Clarity
Let me clarify what I mean by nuance regarding handling the Greek grammar. An example of what I mean by nuance is that reading the English translation of the Greek New Testament is like a black-and-white photo, and in some cases a very poor black-and-white photo with excess noise (a term in photography meaning excess grain, which takes from the clarity) and scratches.
To add nuance would be like adding clarity to the photo by greater focus (smaller grain), and color which would bring much greater understanding of the nuances of all the shades between black and white, this is what understanding the Greek and it’s grammar means. Yet in many cases the black and white appears to be the opposite of what the real color picture is, below is an example.
It is by starting to parse the verbs that the student (remember Christ’s words in Matthew 28:19-20 to “make disciples of all the nations,” not converts; all believers are students and followers of Christ, which mandates studying His manifesto, “The Word of God itself”) may grasp a handle on the original Koiné Greek New Testament language as compared to the inconsistent and sloppy English translation which creates many problems today.
One of the examples of understanding how important comprehending the true meaning behind the English by examining the Greek behind any Scripture can be seen in Philippians 2:12, regarding the phrase, “work out your salvation.“
Example
Philippians 2:12 (KJV), states:
“Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.”
Over the decades I have heard many pastors and teachers misinterpret this verse implying self righteousness is a part of the Christian walk, that the believer helps in some way their own salvation, which is completely opposed to the teaching of salvation by grace through faith, as witnessed through the book of Romans, which should drive the believer to his knees in humility; not believing that they have to add to their righteousness in gaining salvation, which is heretical concerning the atoning death of Jesus Christ on the cross, he paid the price in full (“it is finished” – better translated “paid in full”, as stated by Jesus in John 19:30).
But if one is ignorant or uninformed about the Greek meaning of the words that God did inspire, resting solely in the English translations based upon man’s interpretation of what would be the best English words, many times used many centuries before, understanding that English is a living language and that words change their meeting; it is no wonder that the reader would misinterpret this verse.
This verse is not saying to work for your salvation, work out to receive your salvation, to earn your salvation, or even complete your salvation; though it may sound like it in the English translation.
You see the Greek word that is translated into the English “work out,” is: katergazomai.
And katergazomai in the Strong’s root dictionary, understanding that a root dictionary only gives the base words, but not the nuances of what that specific word means, (which is why in the preface of Strong’s Greek dictionary it states it is not appropriate to use it for “word studies” or to understand the exact grammar of each specific verse that uses these words, wherein Strong’s dictionary only provides a generic interpretation), which would be analogous to a base word with no prefixes or suffixes, meaning that Strong says concerning the root of this word, it generically means: to work fully, to accomplish, by “implication” to finish, or fashion, to cause, to do, to perform, to work (out).
However, as stated this is the generic understanding of the word, and not what the word means in this particular passage where the specificity of the Greek grammar indicates something different.
The Specific Grammar Of This Verse
The grammar of this use of the word katergazomai, within this passage is:
Tense-Present
Voice-Middle or Passive Deponent
Mood -Imperative
The Tense
The present tense means that this is a current action that never, ever ends. Excuse the over emphasis but the present tense never stops while you’re in this body on the earth, therefore this working out is not done to achieve your salvation and occurs once, know this is something that occurs in the life of the believer through out their life without ever stopping
The Mood
The imperative mood indicates this is a command which must be done, there are no options here. The believer is to do this working out all of their life and never stop it, and they have no choice if they are going to follow the admonition of the Holy Spirit as scribed by Paul.
The Voice
The voice within the grammar tells us who does the action, the subject or the object; and in this case the subject being us that hear it the human and the other being God. This tells us if we are to do this action on our own and therefore save ourselves, or if we receive the action because the Holy Spirit is the one that saves us with us not contributing whatsoever.
Defining the Voice
To further define the different roles of the voice according to the King James translation which includes the grammar , “King James version – TVM” (tense, voice, and mood):
Active Voice
Subject Causes the Action (Object Receives Action)
“The active voice represents the subject as the doer or performer of the action. e.g., in the sentence, “The boy hit the ball, ” the boy performs the action.”
Passive Voice
Subject Receives the Action (Object Causes Action)
“The passive voice represents the subject as being the recipient of the action. E.g., in the sentence, “The boy was hit by the ball, ” the boy receives the action.”
Permissive Middle
The subject allows something to be done for or to himself or herself. This usage, though rare, involves some exegetically important texts. Luke 2:4-5 Joseph went up from Galilee … (5) to be enrolled with Mary. Acts 22:16 Rise, have yourself baptized and allow your sins to be washed away.
Deponent Middle
A deponent middle verb is one that has no active form for a particular principal part in Hellenistic Greek, and one whose force in that principal part is evidently active. See Wallace for his list of true deponents. (http://www.bcbsr.com/greek/gvoice.html)
If the idea was that the person that this is addressed is meant to do all the action, it would’ve been in the active voice, which it is not. This in itself implies that this is not a behavior by the individual solely. The fact that many times this is interpreted as active, is not the same in this passage.
“In linguistics, a deponent verb is a verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice, most commonly the middle or passive. A deponent verb has no active forms. (See Endnote #5)
Section Conclusion
Unfortunately, for many decades and centuries sincere pastors unaware of the grammar of the Greek language have mistaught this passage, presenting it as validation that the believer must work for their salvation.
Yet what we need to understand is that what this Scripture really means is that we are to examine our salvation to the extent that we comprehend the complete mercy and grace of God, that is the foundation of that salvation, wherein it should take us to a place of trembling and fear in consideration of rejecting this salvation; with the end result of gaining gratitude, which is a key component of faith.
If you do not have gratitude, you are not exercising faith.
Because gratitude is the only proper response to genuine Biblical faith, which is the foundation and basis of the Christian walk.
For the complete exegesis of this passage, with further evidence concerning the claims made here please see the article entitled: “Work Out Your Own Salvation ~ Philippians 2:12-13” – LINK
Credible Greek Grammar Resource
No doubt my favorite Greek scholar is Kenneth Wuest.
I have learned more about original Greek New Testament words and meanings, as well as grammatical rules from Wuest than any other linguistic scholar.
The blessing of his type of teaching is that he speaks to the common man, not the Greek language student; therefore he is easy to understand, and explains some of the grammar, well enough that you can go on from there and research further in understanding the nuances of Koiné Greek New Testament words.
The first two volumes of his word studies are topical, he explains many of the nuances of the grammar of individual words in there passages which helps the emerging student to start a foundation to understand how to parse the Greek words correctly, verbs and nouns.
Then he does whole New Testament book examinations, verse by verse; and finally a literal Greek translation of the New Testament.
Though by no means is this meant to be a trainer in the Greek language, it is a very good introduction and will explain many of the nuances that the English does not provide.
Having utilized Wuest for over 30 years, I have researched and validated his claims repeatedly wherein he has gained great credibility with myself and many scholars for more than over the last half-century.
This is the place for the non-Greek student to start to dig deeper into God’s word.
The following article was written by an unnamed writer concerning Wuest’s addressing Romans 5:20, concerning grace.
Regarding the first part of this passage, which appears to be quite complicated, and is greatly misunderstood by many, I have listed as footnote #1 for the complete context concerning this passage as written by Kenneth Wuest. BB
The Article
Romans 5:20, states:
“Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound” (KJV)
“In Romans 5:20 the Word tells us, ‘But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound.’ … The word ‘abounded’ in relation to sin means ‘to exist in abundance.’ But the second word ‘abound’—in relation to grace means ‘to exist in abundance’ and carries with it the added idea of abundance that is more than enough. The thing exists in superfluity….” Kenneth S. Wuest
In addition to that, Paul prefixes a preposition to the world which means ‘to be over and above.’ Thus the translation reads, ‘Where sin existed in abundance, grace was in superabundance, and then some more added on top of that.’”
Kenneth Samuel Wuest (1893-1962) was a noted New Testament Greek scholar of the mid-Twentieth century. He was a professor of New Testament Greek at the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, and published over a dozen books on the New Testament. Wuest is often cited as a great Greek language scholar and influential Evangelical.
Application
To illustrate the import of this word usage Wuest explains:
“God created the sun to give light and heat to the earth upon which we live. But only a very small fraction of that light and heat ever reaches our globe. The rest is lost in space. We need never be concerned that the light and heat of the sun will fail us. God has made an oversize reservoir to serve us.”
“There is enough grace in God’s heart of love to save and keep saved for time and eternity, every sinner that ever has or ever will live, and then enough leftover to save a million more universes full of sinners, were there such, and then some more. There is enough grace available to give every saint constant victory over sin, and then some more. There is enough grace to meet and cope with all the sorrows, heartaches, difficulties, temptations, testings, and trials of human existence, and more added to that.”
“God’s salvation is an oversize salvation. It is shock proof, strain proof, unbreakable, all sufficient. It is equal to every emergency, for it flows from the heart of an infinite God freely bestowed and righteously given through the all-sufficient sacrifice of our Lord on the Cross. Salvation is all of grace. Trust God’s grace. It is superabounding grace.” Kenneth S. Wuest
Resources
https://www.illustrationexchange.com
WORD STUDIES IN THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT, Kenneth S. Wuest, Wm. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1990, Electronic Media. (See footnote #2 for further examples of sources and resources for biblical word studies or commentaries.)
![Kenneth Wuest JPEG jpg]()
What I find very sad is that his four volume set, which is fantastic, does not sell as it did a few decades ago, and therefore is priced very cheap.
I have multiple sets, and a few years ago only paid $40 for the four volumes. Now their listing for $80 on CBD, but if you check Amazon and others regarding used in good shape you can probably find them for half this price.
Christian Book Distributors : http://www.christianbook.com/word-studies-greek-new-testament-volumes/kenneth-wuest/9780802822802/pd/2280?event=ESRCP
Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0802822800?keywords=WORD%20STUDIES%20IN%20THE%20GREEK%20NEW%20TESTAMENT&qid=1452716902&ref_=sr_1_1&sr=8-1
![The Complete Series]()
This is the most valuable resource I have, with Spiros Zodhiates “The Complete Word Study Dictionary” series being the second.”
![Spiros Zodhiates]()
![The Complete NT Dictionary (2048x2048)]()
![The Complete word study]()
![The Complete OT Dictionary (Very Big)]()
Article Conclusion
For many years I allowed others to fish for me, until I found the right teachers that taught me how to fish for myself. And when I say that we should fish for ourselves it means that we are to find those scholars that we trust, who use original Greek New Testament manuscripts that we trust. And simply because everyone says a scholar is great, it is foolish to take this at face value as credibility for that individual.
Look for negative reviews on that person you are investigating as a credible scholar online.
Find out which New Testament Greek translation is behind the English translation of the Bible that they utilize, is it dependable, do they know the problems with that text and can therefore clarify any translational errors.
Divine inspiration and inerrancy only concern the original transmission of God’s word in the original language, not in the translation that men make where man-made errors occur, not the heretical teaching that the English translation of the Greek New Testament is inspired, by distorting Scriptures in Psalms regarding the preservation of God’s word. To show how ridiculous this argument is, would be to insinuate that the Bible used by the Mormons are Jehovah witness must be inspired as well, or else God has failed in preserving those translations.
It implies that man cannot distort God’s word, which he has done. Concerning the preservation of God’s word we have that in our copies of the original Greek and Hebrew text, but the translation from those languages to English are done by men according to their own interpretation and can be very corrupted, again remembering that the English language changes the meanings of many words even over short periods of time therefore displaying an inconsistency that preservation could not contain. Many of the King James only individuals become heretical when they discount the Greek text for which this English translation was produced.
Therefore, we must learn to fish for ourselves if we wish to live a healthy spiritual life. We must be willing to spend the time and effort to examine these issues concerning which Bible is more faithful to the original based upon the source Greek new Testaments that utilize in its production. We understand the problems in addressing the King James because we’ve had centuries to deal with a few of the translation problems, yet the newer English translations we have not had the time and effort to expose the many errors that they inject into the Scripture simply by changing words from Greek to English, utilizing man’s interpretation.
It is our pleasure to stand on the shoulders of many great giants, man that God has used who had been open to investigating source documents, and not simply attend a Bible school class in regurgitate what the professors state concerning higher criticism, that the newer translations are older and therefore better translations than the Textus Receptus.
Many of their arguments at face value appear suspect. They say things like the textus Receptus is a new translation that came about in the 15th century. While true it was a collection a Byzantine text that were accumulated together, the lie is that it has its roots in the first and second century. Do they think that somebody made up a new testament in the 15th century from scratch, as if it was created then.
The manuscripts utilized are Byzantine, and go back to original copies of original inspired text.
This is one area that over decades of research have taught me to trust the textus Receptus because I know of the textual errors, and teach around them, exposing the truth in God’s word in spite of the devil’s attempt to again accuse God’s word.
“Hath God said?”
It is in questioning the validity of the word of God, and introducing contaminated translations which foster many misunderstandings concerning the basic biblical theology that the devil now reeks spiritual habit across America with the dumbing down of American and therefore the dumbing down of Christians.
Think about it, Christians today can’t sit for more than an being taught God’s word, and cannot understand any deep truths because of their ignorance, which is the fault of the pulpits.
And what are those institutions that teach those that occupy the pulpits, they have become as corrupted as the third century translators in Alexandria Egypt which produced the Alexandrian Codices which now are called eclectic in the basis for almost all new translations.
God is so ingenious it he can even speak through translations which have corruptions, understanding that the corruptions are few or else they would be blatant.
But how much more dumbing down concerning orthodoxy shall we become before we lose sight of true spiritual maturity as taught in the depths of God’s word.
It all comes down to motivation and commitment based upon tenacity, how invested are you willing to be concerning God’s word and his desires for you and your life.
“The difference between ‘involvement’ and ‘commitment’
is like an eggs-and-ham breakfast:
the chicken was ‘involved’ – the pig was ‘committed’.”
Brent
Footnote
1. Wuest’s statement concerning the challenging words: “Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound”
“(Romans 5:20) There is no article before “law.” Law as a method of divine dealing entered. “Entered” is pareisēlthen. Elthon means “to come,” Eis “into,” and para, “alongside,” thus, “entered alongside.”
Vincent says, “Now that the parallel between Adam and Christ is closed, the question arises as to the position and office of the law. How did it stand related to Adam and Christ? Paul replies that it came in alongside of the sin.
‘It was taken up into the divine plan or arrangement, and made an occasion for the abounding of grace in the opening of the new way of justification and life’ (Dwight).” Denney explains, ”
‘The comparison between Adam and Christ is closed. But in the middle between the two stood the law’ (Meyer). Paul must refer to it in such a way as to indicate the place it holds in the order of Providence, and especially to show that it does not frustrate, but further, the end contemplated in the work of Christ . . .
Sin entered into the world; the Law entered into the situation thus created as an accessory or subordinate thing; it has not the decisive significance in history which the objective power of sin has.” “Offense” is paraptōma (transgression).
“Abound” is pleonazō, “to increase, be augmented.” Denney says, “The offense is multiplied because the law, encountering the flesh, evokes its natural antagonism to God, and so stimulates it into disobedience . . . As the offense multiplied, the need of redemption, and the sense of that need were intensified.”
Vincent explains, “Not primarily of the greater consciousness and acknowledgment, but of the increase of actual transgression. The other thought, however, may be included.” “Did much more abound” is huperperisseuō. The simple verb means “to be over and above a certain number or measure,” thus, “to super-abound.” The prefixed preposition means “above.” Thus, Paul says, “Where sin increased (pleonazō), grace superabounded, and then some on top of that.
Denney says that the word for sin, hamartia seems used here, not paraptōma, because more proper to express the sum total of evil, made up of repeated acts of disobedience to the law. Translation: Moreover, law entered in alongside, in order that the transgression might be augmented. But where the sin was augmented, the grace superabounded with more added to that.”
Taken from: “Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament – Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament – Volume 1.”
2. Other Sources and Resources
A Comment about Which Greek New Testament to Use, and the Difference.
Having been a student of Biblical Criticism beginning in 1976, I have spent hundreds, if not a few thousand hours regarding the science and application of biblical translation.
Having begun as a proponent of Higher Criticism, I now stand in opposition to it.
I am not a “King James Only” individual by any means , but I value the Textus Receptus, in spite of all the negative and inflammatory accusations against it.
The history of the Textus Receptus prior to the 1400’s, is more tenuous in some regards than the Alexandrian codices, and the tools of Higher Criticism, primarily demand that the earliest codices must be the correct manuscripts. Yet this is only true if those manuscripts were correct in the first place.
The use of the documents which form of the Textus Receptus, goes back to the second and third century, though this is opposed by all those which oppose this particular text to begin with.
And the writers that they utilize our superfluous in many areas.
Not to mention the proponents of Higher Criticism use a form of textual criticism principles established by Hort and Westcott, which attempted to treat sacred text as man-made books, denying the infallibility and inspiration of the Scripture, along with the fact that many of these individuals deny the deity of Jesus Christ, and the atoning work of the cross, according to their own writings, based not only upon their own inference, and suggestion, but also many times blatant statements; though rarely upfront, understanding it would discredit them with believing Christians.
It is these sets of new principles used in biblical translation which are corrupt, yet exist to this day and are utilized throughout almost every university, who now also utilize modern psychology, though they give it different terms.
Almost all of the proponents of the Alexandrian codices that I have researched are also by extension antagonist of the Textus Receptus, with these individuals held in great esteem Greek language proponents of Higher Criticism, such as: B. M. Metzger, K. Aland, T. Böhm, T. E. Pollard, F. M. Cross, S. Talmon, and R. Williams; but to name a few.
See footnote #3 for a more thorough listing of translators and scholars which are proponents of the Alexandrian codices, and almost always antagonist of the Textus Receptus.
Yet it is amazing how the enemy of our souls has contaminated so many good people, and born-again Christians into believing the lie of questioning God’s word.
Because if you cannot believe God’s word, ultimately how can you believe the God of that word.
From the garden of Eden, Satan has always said: “..hath God said?”
And by the way, for those teachers that have seen the blessing of the Holy Spirit in their teaching. and therefore think that they could not be wrong in this issue, we must always remember that Jesus and Paul both adamantly warned believers about being deceived.
Jesus would not have done so if this was not a real and present possibility; one only needs to examine the church of Corinth to understand how easily deception becomes a part of the church, and perhaps also those institutions that we utilize to teach theology.
As such there are far too many aberrant and false word translations within these newer codices, many times referred to as eclectic text, wherein those errors found in the translation process of the Textus Receptus, as well as the Majority Codices and other Byzantine manuscripts and codices are understood and handled much easier.
I Say All of This to Say…
…that, what many Bible students take for granted is the credibility of any source information recommended to them by professors or other scholars without investigation into the background of the source biblical codices and manuscripts used in those research tools.
Every research tool resource utilizes a particular Greek New Testament in that work, and since I’ve spent many tedious hours studying this subject from both sides, I have come to the opinion that those that utilize the Alexandrian codices many times introduce error into their translation or research work, taking for granted the Greek words used in those translations are always correct and without controversy.
There are thousands of inconsistencies within these Alexandrian codices which differ not only from each other; but also many times exclusively differ with the Textus Receptus.
How often do we think or even question which Bible translation of the New Testament was used in any particular commentary or dictionary or other biblical research resource?
Therefore, having intricately and tediously researched many of the source Greek New Testament utilized in many biblical resources, I have attached notes concerning certain biblical resources that I am aware of and their source New Testaments, whether they are the Alexandrian codices or the Textus Receptus (As well as Majority Text and Byzantine codices, I don’t deal with other Semitic languages).
Understanding my Color Code
Those biographies completely in blue fonts I rate at the highest level.
I use blue (*) asterisks to indicate those books that I feel are a very good resources, the more asterisks, the higher value I place upon the book.
This does not mean those books without any asterisks are not good resources, or even great books; I may have not done any research on that particular volume.
I had notes concerning those volumes wherein I know the source Greek New Testament utilized, the Textus Receptus or Alexandrian codices.
The following link below is a partial presentation of over 80 pages of a downloadable document which deals with the history of Bible translation concerning the legions of Bible translations that have been produced over the last 2000 years, with a defense of the Textus Receptus, as well as opposition to the Alexandrian codices.
“Who and What to Trust ~ Encyclopedia (2015)” = LINK
RESOURCE LISTING
–
A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BIBLE, Norman L. Geisler & William E. Nix, Moody press, Chicago IL, USA, 1968, Page 00. ****
A SHORT LIFE OF CHRIST, Everett F. Harrison, William. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1980, Page 00.
ALL THE DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE, Herbert Lockyer, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1964-1975. *****
ADAM CLARKE’S COMMENTARY ON THE NEW TESTAMENT, Parsons Technology, Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media.
ALBERT BARNES’ NOTES ON THE BIBLE, Albert Barnes, (1798-1870), e-Sword.net.
–
BELIEVERS BIBLE COMMENTARY, William McDonald, Thomas Nelson publishers, Nashville TN, 1995.
BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Lawrence O. Richards, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL 60187, USA, 1994, Page 00.
–
BIBLICAL NUMEROLOGY, A BASIC STUDY OF THE USE OF NUMBERS IN THE BIBLE, John J. Davis, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1968. [I oppose much of this book]
BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS’ HEBREW DEFINITIONS, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media. ****
–
COMBAT FAITH – UNSHAKABLE FAITH FOR EVERYDAY, Hal Lindsey, Western Front, Ltd., Publishing Company, Palos Verdes, CA, USA, 1999.
DAKE’S ANNOTATED REFERENCE BIBLE, Finis Jennings Dake, Dake Bible Sales, Inc., Lawrenceville, GA 30246, USA, 1963-1991, Page 00. Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
DICTIONARY OF PREMILLENNIAL THEOLOGY, Larry V. Crutchfield, Mal Couch General Editor, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996, page 00. *****
E-SWORD, VERSION 8.0.6, Rick Myers; www.e-sword.net ****
EASTON’S BIBLE DICTIONARY AND BOOK SYNOPSIS, M.G. Easton, Ellis Enterprises Inc. Oklahoma City, OK 73120, USA, 1988-1999, Electronic Media.
ELWELL’S EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY OF THEOLOGY, Walter A. Elwell, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1984, Electronic Media.
EVANGELICAL COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE, Walter A. Elwell, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids MI 49516, USA, 1994. [I adamantly disagrees with their use of the NIV]. ***
–
FIGURES OF SPEECH USED IN THE BIBLE, E. W. Bullinger, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1898, / Reprint in 1999. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
JAMIESON, FAUSSET AND BROWN; COMMENTARY ON THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS, Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, & David Brown, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, 1948. Uses Alexandrian Codex
JOHN GILL’S EXPOSITION OF THE ENTIRE BIBLE, E-Sword, Rick Myers; http://www.e-sword.net
–
HARRIS’S THEOLOGICAL WORDBOOK OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, Laid R Harris, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, USA, 1980, Electronic Media. **
–
HEBREW GREEK KEY STUDY BIBLE, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1990, Page 00. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Philip Schaff, Parsons Technology, Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media.
–
HOLMAN BIBLE DICTIONARY, General Editor: Trent C. Butler, PH. D., Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, TN 37234, USA, 1991-1998, Electronic Media. *****
HOW TO INTERPRET THE BIBLE, USEFUL HERMENEUTICAL PRINCIPLES, Stephen R. Woods, The Great Unpublished.Com., 2003.
INTERPRETING THE SYMBOLS AND TYPES, Kevin J. Conner, BT Published, Portland OR, 97220, USA, 1992.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA, James Orr, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media.
–
INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL COUNSELING: A Basic Guide To The principles and practice of counseling, John F. MacArthur, Jr., Wayne A. Mack, and the Master’s College Faculty, W Publishing Group, a Division of Thomas Nelson, Inc., Nashville, TN 37214, USA, 1994, Page 00. Uses Alexandrian Codex
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JEWISH CULTURE AND CUSTOMS, A SAMPLER OF JEWISH LIFE, Steve Herzig, the friends of Israel Gospel ministry, Inc., Bellmawr, NJ, 08099, USA, 1997.
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KOINONIA HOUSE, Founder: Dr. Chuck Missler, Coeur d’Alene, ID 83816, USA, 2008, Electronic Media, found @ khouse.org.
MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA 2000, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 98052, USA, 1993-1999, Electronic Media.
NELSONS ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLE FACTS, J. I. Packer, Merrill C. Tenney, William White, Jr.; Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville – Atlanta – London – Vancouver, 1995, Page 00. Uses Alexandrian Codex
NEW COMMENTARY ON THE WHOLE BIBLE (Based on the classic commentary of Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown), General Editor: J. D. Douglas, New Testament Editor: Philip W. Comfort, 2008, Electronic Media.
NEW TESTAMENT EXEGESIS, Benjamin Chapman, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA, 1977. ****
NEW TESTAMENT GREEK SYNTAX, Wesley J. Perschbacher, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, USA, 1995. Uses Alexandrian Codex
NTGREEK.ORG ~ “RESOURCES FOR LEARNING NEW TESTAMENT GREEK,” Corey Keating, http://www.ntgreek.org
NUMBER IN THE SCRIPTURE, IT’S SUPERNATURAL DESIGN AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE, E.W. Bullinger, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1890 / Reprint in 1967. ***** Uses only the Textus Receptus
ROBINSON’S MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS CODES, Maurice A. Robinson, for use with the Greek New Testaments containing parsing or declension codes. E-Sword, Ver. 8.0.6, Rick Myers; http://www.e-sword.net ******* Uses only the Textus Receptus
ROBERTSON’S WORD PICTURES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT, Vol. IV, A. T. Robertson, Boardman Press Inc., Nashville, TN 37234, USA, 1960, Page 00. Uses Alexandrian Codex
STRONG’S EXHAUSTIVE CONCORDANCE, TOGETHER WITH DICTIONARIES OF HEBREW AND GREEK WORDS, James Strong, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1981-1998, Electronic Media.
SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Charles Hodge, (3 vols), Hendrickson Publishers Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, USA (reprinted by William. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 2003, Page 00. Uses only the Textus Receptus
THAYER’S GREEK DEFINITIONS, Joseph Henry. Thayer, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 2008, Electronic Media. Uses Alexandrian Codex
–
THE COMING PRINCE, Sir Robert Anderson, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1894, / Reprint in 1957, Page 00.
THE HEBREW – GREEK KEY STUDY BIBLE, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1984, Page 00. ****** Uses the Textus Receptus (Available in New American Standard & using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY NEW TESTAMENT WITH GREEK PARALLEL, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1990, Page 00. ****** Uses the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY DICTIONARY – NEW TESTAMENT, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1992, Page 00. ****** Uses the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY DICTIONARY – OLD TESTAMENT, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1994, Page 00. ****** Used the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE INTERLINEAR HEBREW/GREEK ENGLISH BIBLE, (4 vols), Jay Green, Associated Publishers and Authors, Lafayette, IN, USA, 1979. Uses only the Textus Receptus ******
–
THE IVP BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Craig S. Keener, inner varsity press, Downers Grove Illinois 60515, USA, 1993. **
THE KJV PARALLEL BIBLE COMMENTARY, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, TN 37234, USA 1994, Page 00. *** Uses only the Textus Receptus
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JESUS THE MESSIAH, Alfred Edersheim, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1993, Pages 00. ****
THE NEW BIBLE SURVEY, J. Lawrence Eason, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1966, Page 00. ***
THE SEPTUAGINT VERSION: GREEK AND ENGLISH, Sir Lancelot C.L. Brenton, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, 1970, electronic edition.
THE TABERNACLE, M. R. DeHaan, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1955.
THE TABERNACLE, ITS PRIEST AND ITS SERVICES, William Brown, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, USA, 1997. ****
–
THE TABERNACLE PRIESTHOOD IN OFFERINGS, I. M. Haldeman, Fleming H. Revell Co., Westwood, NJ, USA, 1925.
THE TEXT USED IS FROM THE: “H KAINH ΔΙΑΘΚΗ” (Greek New Testament) translation by the Trinitarian Bible Society, and is a Byzantine text in accordance with the Textus Receptus. ******
THE VICTOR BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Lawrence O. Richards, Victor books, 1825 College Ave., Wheaton Illinois 60187, USA, 1994. [Though this author disagrees with their use of the NIV, TLB, PH]. ***
THE WITNESS OF THE STARS, E. W. Bullinger, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1893, / Reprint in 1967. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
THEOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL CHRISTIANITY, Internet resource research search engine, www.theopedia.com.
–
TYPES IN HEBREW, Sir Robert Anderson, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49501, USA, 1978. ******
–
UNDERSTAND THE TIMES, Founder: Roger Oakland, PO Box 27239, Santa Ana, CA 92799, USA, 2008, Electronic Media.
–
UNGER’S BIBLE DICTIONARY, Merrill F. Unger, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, 1979.
–
VINE’S EXPOSITORY DICTIONARY OF OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT WORDS, W.E. Vine, Ellis Enterprises Inc., Oklahoma City, OK 73120, USA, 1988, Electronic Media. *** Many Time uses Alexandrian Codex, but also the Textus Receptus, and most importantly advises which text is used
–
WHY CHRISTIANS CAN’T TRUST PSYCHOLOGY, Ed Bulkley, PH. D., Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, OR 97402, 1993, Page 00.
–
WIERSBE BIBLE COMMENTARY: NEW TESTAMENT, Warren W. Wiersbe, Rick Myers; www.e-sword.net
WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA, @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
WILLMINGTON’S GUIDE OF THE BIBLE, Dr. H. L. Willmington, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL 60187, USA, 2008, Electronic media.
–
WORD STUDIES IN THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT, Volume 2, Dr. Kenneth S. Wuest, Wm. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1990, “Hebrews in the Greek New Testament,” Electronic Media. ********
–
COMMENTARIES: ****
–
CRITICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL COMMENTARY, (6 vols) Robert Jamieson, A.R. Faussett, David Brown, William B. Eerdmans Publishing company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA. Uses Alexandrian Codex
ALBERT BARNES’ NOTES ON THE BIBLE, Albert Barnes, Blackie and Sons Publications, London, 1851. (Reprinted by Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA. ****
THE PULPIT COMMENTARY (26 Vol), H.D.M. Spence & Joseph S. Exell, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1950. ****
–
ROBERTSON’S WORD PICTURES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT, Vol. IV, A. T. Robertson, Boardman Press Inc., Nashville, TN 37234, USA, 1960, Page 00.
ADAM CLARKE’S COMMENTARY ON THE NEW TESTAMENT, Parsons Technology, Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media. ***
COMMENTARY ON THE OLD TESTAMENT, C. F. Keil, & F. Delitzsch, (trans. from the German, 10 vols), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, 1978. Uses Alexandrian Codex
CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY ON THE NEW TESTAMENT, (11 vols), Heinrich A.W. Meyer, T & T Clark, London, 1883.
–
THE KJV PARALLEL BIBLE COMMENTARY, Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville, TN 37234, USA 1994, Page 00. *** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
THE VICTOR BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Lawrence O. Richards, Victor books, 1825 College Ave., Wheaton Illinois 60187, USA, 1994. [Though this author disagrees with their use of the NIV, TLB, PH]. ***
–
EVANGELICAL COMMENTARY ON THE BIBLE, Walter A. Elwell, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids MI 49516, USA, 1994. [I adamantly disagrees with their use of the NIV]. ***
–
BELIEVERS BIBLE COMMENTARY, William McDonald, Thomas Nelson publishers, Nashville TN, 1995. ***
–
THE IVP BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Craig S. Keener, inner varsity press, Downers Grove Illinois 60515, USA, 1993. ***
–
NEW COMMENTARY ON THE WHOLE BIBLE (Based on the classic commentary of Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown), General Editor: J. D. Douglas, New Testament Editor: Philip W. Comfort, 2008, Electronic Media. Uses Alexandrian Codex
–
BIBLE BACKGROUND COMMENTARY, NEW TESTAMENT, Lawrence O. Richards, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL 60187, USA, 1994, Page 00. ***
–
WILLMINGTON’S GUIDE OF THE BIBLE, Dr. H. L. Willmington, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, IL 60187, USA, 2008, Electronic media.
–
ENCYCLOPEDIAS: ****
–
NELSONS ILLUSTRATED ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLE FACTS, J. I. Packer, Merrill C. Tenney, William White, Jr.; Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville – Atlanta – London – Vancouver, 1995, Page 00. Uses Alexandrian Codex
THE ZONDERVAN PICTORIAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE BIBLE, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1975. ****
THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA (5 vols), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1979. ****
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EVANGELISM, Randall Balmer, Baylor University Press, Waco, TX 76704, USA, 2004. ***
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA, James Orr, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media.
–
DICTIONARIES: ****
HOLMAN BIBLE DICTIONARY, General Editor: Trent C. Butler, PH. D., Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, TN 37234, USA, 1991-1998, Electronic Media. *****
–
THE INTERPRETER’S DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE (5 vols), Abingdon Press, Nashville, TN, 1980. ****
–
THE ILLUSTRATED BIBLE DICTIONARY (3 vols), Inter-Varsity Press, Leicester, England, 1980. ****
ELWELL’S EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY OF THEOLOGY, Walter A. Elwell, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1984, Electronic Media. ***
–
EASTON’S BIBLE DICTIONARY AND BOOK SYNOPSIS, M.G. Easton, Ellis Enterprises Inc. Oklahoma City, OK 73120, USA, 1988-1999, Electronic Media. **
–
UNGER’S BIBLE DICTIONARY, Merrill F. Unger, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, 1979. **
WORD STUDIES: ******
–
WORD STUDIES IN THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT, (3 Vol.) Dr. Kenneth S. Wuest, Wm. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1990. ******
–
THAYER’S GREEK DEFINITIONS, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 2008, Electronic Media. Uses Alexandrian Codex
–
JAMIESON, FAUSSET, BROWN, Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset, & David Brown, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, 1948. Uses Alexandrian Codex
–
BROWN-DRIVER-BRIGGS’ HEBREW DEFINITIONS, Parsons Technology Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media. ****
–
HARRIS’S THEOLOGICAL WORDBOOK OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, Laid R Harris, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, USA, 1980, Electronic Media. ***
–
VINCENT’S WORD STUDIES, Marvin R. Vincent, Covenant Parsonage, New York, USA, 1886, E-Sword, Rick Myers; http://www.e-sword.net
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VINE’S EXPOSITORY DICTIONARY OF OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT WORDS, W.E. Vine, Ellis Enterprises Inc., Oklahoma City, OK 73120, USA, 1988, Electronic Media. *** SOMETIMES – Uses Alexandrian Codex, but declares which text is used
–
THE HEBREW – GREEK KEY STUDY BIBLE, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1984, Page 00. ***** Used the Textus Receptus (Available in New American Standard & using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY NEW TESTAMENT WITH GREEK PARALLEL, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1990, Page 00. ***** Used the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY DICTIONARY – NEW TESTAMENT, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1992, Page 00. ***** Used the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
THE COMPLETE WORD STUDY DICTIONARY – OLD TESTAMENT, Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1994, Page 00. ***** Used the Textus Receptus (Using the Strong’s Identifying Numbers)
–
BIBLES / INTERLINEAR / LEXICONS / GRAMMATICAL CODE ~ FOR STUDYING ORIGINAL LANGUAGES: *****!
–
THE INTERLINEAR HEBREW/GREEK ENGLISH BIBLE, (KJV) Jay Green, Associated Publishers and Authors, Lafayette, IN, USA, 1979. ***** Uses only the Textus Receptus
THE SEPTUAGINT VERSION: GREEK AND ENGLISH, Sir Lancelot C.L. Brenton, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, 1970, electronic edition. *****
ROBINSON’S MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS CODES, for use with the Greek New Testaments containing parsing or declension codes. E-Sword, Ver. 8.0.6, Rick Myers; http://www.e-sword.net. ****** Uses only the Textus Receptus
NTGREEK.ORG ~ “RESOURCES FOR LEARNING NEW TESTAMENT GREEK,” Corey Keating, http://www.ntgreek.org ******
HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, (Numerically coded to Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance), Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, & Charles A. Briggs, Associated Publishers and Authors, Lafayette, IN 47901, USA, 1981. ****
NEW TESTAMENT GREEK SYNTAX, Wesley J. Perschbacher, Moody Press, Chicago, IL 60610, USA, 1995. Uses Alexandrian Codex
THE ENGLISHMAN’S GREEK CONCORDANCE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, G. V. Wigram, (Numerically coded to Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance), Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1979. ****
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THE ENGLISHMAN’S HEBREW AND CHALDEE CONCORDANCE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, G. V. Wigram, (Numerically coded to Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance), Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1980. ****
STRONG’S EXHAUSTIVE CONCORDANCE TOGETHER WITH DICTIONARIES OF HEBREW AND GREEK WORDS, James Strong, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1981-1998, Electronic Media. **** For the Concordance use Only!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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HEBREW GREEK KEY STUDY BIBLE, (KJV) Spiros Zodhiates, PH T., AMG Publications, Chattanooga, TN 37422, USA, 1990, Page 00. *** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
GESENIUS’ HEBREW AND CHALDEE LEXICON TO THE OLD TESTAMENT SCRIPTURES, S. P. Tregelles, (Numerically Coded to Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance), Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1979.
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DAKE’S ANNOTATED REFERENCE BIBLE, Finis Jennings Dake, Dake Bible Sales, Inc., Lawrenceville, GA 30246, USA, 1963-1991, Page 00. Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
HERMENEUTICS / EXEGESIS / TEXTUAL CRITICISM: *****
–
INERRANCY, Norman L. Geisler, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1980. ****
–
NEW TESTAMENT EXEGESIS, Benjamin Chapman, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49506, USA, 1977. ****
HOW TO INTERPRET THE BIBLE, USEFUL HERMENEUTICAL PRINCIPLES, Stephen R. Woods, The Great Unpublished.Com., 2003. **
–
THEOLOGY:****
–
SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Lewis Sperry Shafer, (8 vols), Dallas Seminary Press, Dallas, TX, 1947. ****
–
EVANGELICAL DICTIONARY OF THEOLOGY (2nd Ed.), Walter A. Elwell, Baker Academic, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49516, USA, 2001. ****
–
DICTIONARY OF NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY, C. Brown, (vol 3), Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI, USA, 1978. *** Uses Alexandrian Codex ?
–
ISRAELOLOGY: THE MISSING LINK IN SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Arnold G. Fruchtenbaum, Ariel Ministries Press, Tustin, CA, 1989. ****
SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Charles Hodge, (3 vols), Hendrickson Publishers Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, USA (reprinted by William. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 2003, Page 00. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
THEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, G.J. Botterweck, & H. Ringgren, (4 vols), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1980. ****
–
THEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, G. Kittel & G. Friedrich, (10 vols), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI, 1976. Uses Alexandrian Codex
–
PRACTICAL CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY, Floyd H. Barackman, Fleming H. Revell Co., Old Tappan, NJ 07675, USA, 1984. ***
BIBLICAL THEOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Moody Press, Chicago IL 60610, USA, 1959. ***
–
DOCTRINE: ****
–
ALL THE DOCTRINES OF THE BIBLE, Herbert Lockyer, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1964-1975. *****
–
DICTIONARY OF PREMILLENNIAL THEOLOGY, Larry V. Crutchfield, Mal Couch General Editor, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996, page 00. *****
–
DISPENSATIONAL TRUTH, Clarence Larkin, Larkin Estate, Glendale, PA, USA, 1918.
–
COMBAT FAITH – UNSHAKABLE FAITH FOR EVERYDAY, Hal Lindsey, Western Front, Ltd., Publishing Company, Palos Verdes, CA, USA, 1999.
–
CULTURAL INSIGHTS: ****
–
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JESUS THE MESSIAH, Alfred Edersheim, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1993, Pages 00. *****
–
HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Philip Schaff, Parsons Technology, Inc., Cedar Rapids, IA 52404, USA, 1999, Electronic Media. ****
–
A SHORT LIFE OF CHRIST, Everett F. Harrison, William. B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1980, Page 00. ***
–
JEWISH CULTURE AND CUSTOMS, A SAMPLER OF JEWISH LIFE, Steve Herzig, the friends of Israel Gospel ministry, Inc., Bellmawr, NJ, 08099, USA, 1997. ***
–
BIBLE SURVEYS: ****
–
A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE BIBLE, Norman L. Geisler & William E. Nix, Moody press, Chicago IL, USA, 1968, Page 00. ****
THE NEW BIBLE SURVEY, J. Lawrence Eason, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1966, Page 00. ***
–
FAITH BUILDERS:*****
–
THE COMING PRINCE, Sir Robert Anderson, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1894, / Reprint in 1957, Page 00.******
–
TYPOLOGY / FIGURES OF SPEECH / BIBLICAL SYMBOLS: ****
–
FIGURES OF SPEECH USED IN THE BIBLE, E. W. Bullinger, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA, 1898, / Reprint in 1999. ***** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
THE WITNESS OF THE STARS, E. W. Bullinger, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1893, / Reprint in 1967. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
–
NUMBER IN THE SCRIPTURE, IT’S SUPERNATURAL DESIGN AND SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE, E.W . Bullinger, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, MI 49501, USA, 1890 / Reprint in 1967. **** Uses only the Textus Receptus
THE TABERNACLE, M. R. DeHaan, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1955. Uses Alexandrian Codex ?
THE TABERNACLE, ITS PRIEST AND ITS SERVICES, William Brown, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., Peabody, MA 01961, USA, 1997. ****
–
THE TABERNACLE PRIESTHOOD IN OFFERINGS, I. M. Haldeman, Fleming H. Revell Co., Westwood, NJ, USA, 1925. ****
THE TEMPLE, ITS MINISTRY AND SERVICES, Alfred Edersheim, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1958. ****
–
TYPES IN HEBREW, Sir Robert Anderson, Kregel Publications, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49501, USA, 1978. ****
–
INTERPRETING THE SYMBOLS AND TYPES, Kevin J. Conner, BT Published, Portland OR, 97220, USA, 1992. ***
BIBLICAL NUMEROLOGY, A BASIC STUDY OF THE USE OF NUMBERS IN THE BIBLE, John J. Davis, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI 49502, USA, 1968. [I oppose much of this book] *
–
INTERNET ENCYCLOPEDIAS: **
–
WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA, @ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page ~ Use discretion.
–
THEOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIBLICAL CHRISTIANITY, Internet resource research search engine, www.theopedia.com. Use discretion.
–
MICROSOFT ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA 2000, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 98052, USA, 1993-1999, Electronic Media. Use great discretion!
–
BIBLICAL COUNSELING: *****
WHY CHRISTIANS CAN’T TRUST PSYCHOLOGY, Ed Bulkley, PH. D., Harvest House Publishers, Eugene, OR 97402, 1993, Page 00. *****
–
INTRODUCTION TO BIBLICAL COUNSELING: A Basic Guide To The principles and practice of counseling, John F. MacArthur, Jr., Wayne A. Mack, and the Master’s College Faculty, W Publishing Group, a Division of Thomas Nelson, Inc., Nashville, TN 37214, USA, 1994, Page 00. ***** Uses Alexandrian Codex ?
–
Books by Martin Bogan – All Good ****
–
Books by Jay Adams – All Great *****
–
INTERNET WEBSITES: ***
–
KOINONIA HOUSE, Founder: Dr. Chuck Missler, Coeur d’Alene, ID 83816, USA, 2008, Electronic Media, found @ khouse.org. ****
–
UNDERSTAND THE TIMES, Founder: Roger Oakland, PO Box 27239, Santa Ana, CA 92799, USA, 2008, Electronic Media.****
–
FREE COMPUTER BIBLES: ******
E-SWORD, VERSION 8.0.6, Rick Myers; http://www.e-sword.net ****
Using this program can change your life especially by using the study notes adjacent to the Scripture for reference and Bible note taking. I learned 30 years ago to take notes in your Bible, if you don’t do this (unless you have a photographic memory – even then it’s presumptuous not take notes), you will never grasp God’s Word as the Holy Spirit desires you to do so. ~ “And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men.” (Colossians 3:23)
3. Those that are Proponents, Translators, and Advocates of the Alexandrian Codices:
- M. Metzger
- Aland
- Böhm
- Abbot, Ezra
- Aland, Barbara
- Aland, Kurt (“The Text of the New Testament”…)
- Aldus, Manutius
- Alford, Henry (“The Greek Testament” – 1852)
- Allen, Wikren
- Arndt, William F.
- Aubrey, Mike
- Baarda, Tj
- Barrett, C. K.
- Bartoletti, Vittorio
- Bauer, Walter
- Beasley-Murray, George R.
- Bengel, Johannes Albert (1730) produced texts deviated from TR, utilizing Alexandrian
- Bell, Harold
- Bilabel, Frederick
- Birdsall, J. N.
- Black, Matthew
- Bover, J.M.
- Brannan, Rick ~ “Rico” (Information Architect ~ Logos Bible Software) blogger and speaker
- Bratcher, Robert
- Briggs, Charles (1866 – Studied higher criticism in Germany, great proponent of Higher Criticism)
- Brown, David (Higher Critic, author of “Jamison, Fossett, and Brown Commentary on OT & NT)
- Buttrick, G.A.
- Caird, G. B.
- Campenhausen, Hans Von
- Carson, D. B.
- Charalambakis, Hagedon
- Clark, Adam (believer of higher criticism, thought the Textus Receptus to be corrupted and Arthur of “Adam Clarke’s commentary on the Bible”)
- Clark, Albert
- Coburn, Camden
- Comfort, Philip W. (“Early Manuscripts and Modern Translations of the New Testament”…)
- Cowell, Ernest (“Hort Redivivus: a plea and a program”)
- Danker, Frederick W.
- Daris, Sergio
- Decker, Rodney J.
- Deissman, Adolf (father of papyri insight)
- Douglas, J. D
- Eichhorn, (1787- originator of German Higher Criticism, author of Einleitung”)
- Ellison, H. L. (“New International Dictionary Of The Christian Church”)
- Elliott, Keith
- Epp, Eldon (“A Continuing Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism,” “The Significance for Determining the Nature of the New Testament text in the Second Century: a Dynamic View of Textural Transmission”)
- Fausset, A. R. (Higher Critic, author of “Jamison, Fossett, and Brown Commentary on the Old and New Testaments”)
- Fee, Gordon (“The Myth of the Early Textual Recension in Alexandria” in: New Dimensions in New Testament Study)
- Erickson, Richard J.
- Evangelical Textual Criticism Blog
- Finegan, Jack
- Friberg, Timothy & Barbara (Analytical Greek New Testament) Greek NT (3rd) Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece)
- Gallazzi, Claudio
- Geddes, Alexander (1737-1802, further developed Higher Criticism)
- Gerstiner, Hans
- Gingrich, F. Wilbur
- Grant, F. C.
- Gregory, Caspar
- Greenlee, J. Harold (“The Text of the New Testament”)
- Grenfell, B. P.,
- Harrison, Evertt F. (“The Expositors Bible Commentary”)
- Hatch, W. H. P.
- Hawthorne, Gerald F. (“World Biblical Commentary”)
- Hodge, A. A.
- Horsley, G. H. R.
- Hort, Fenton (1881) (The New Testament in the Original Greek)
- Hunt, A. S.
- Hudson, Gary
- Ingrams, Kingston
- Jamieson, Robert (Higher Critic, author of “Jamison, Fossett, and Brown Commentary on OT & NT)
- Karavidopoulos, Johannes
- Kasser, Rudolph
- Keep, David
- Kelly, J. N. D.
- Kent, Homer (“The Expositors Bible Commentary”)
- Kenyon, Frederic G. (“handbook to the textual criticism of the New Testament”…)
- Kilpatrick, G. D.
- Kohlenberger, John R.
- Kraeling, Carl H.
- Kramer, Romer
- Kudo, Sakea
- Kutilek, Douglas (found throughout the Internet, presents a good sincere case, yet corrupted)
- Lachman, Karl (1831, 1850?) produced the first text derived from Alexandrian manuscripts
- Lenaerts, Jean
- Lewis, Jack P. (The English Bible, From KJV To NIV: A History And Evolution”)
- Liddell, Henry George
- Lindsey, F. Duane
- Lobel, Edgar
- Lock, John (believe that the Textus Receptus was corrupt and believed in higher criticism, did not believe in the Trinity and would not be considered a true Christian believer)
- Lockman, Franklin Dewey (main editor of NASV)
- Louw, Johannes P.
- Marshall, Alferd
- Martin, Ralph P. (“The World Biblical Commentary”)
- Martin, Victor
- Martini, Carlo M.
- Merell, J.
- Merk, Augustine
- Metzger, Bruce M. (“The Text of the Greek New Testament” – 1968)
- Michael D. Marlowe,
- Moises, Silva
- Morford, William (“One New Man” Bible, uses UBS4)
- Morris, Leon (“Expositors Bible Commentary”)
- Morton, A. Q.
- Moulton & Milligan (The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament) Papyri lexicon
- Naldini, M.
- Nestlé, Eberhard (1898) (“Novum Testamentum Graece”)
- Nestlé, Erwin – son of Eberhard (1927 took over his father’s work, joined by Kirk Aland in 1950)
- Newman, Berkeley
- Newton, Sir Isaac (He did not believe in the Trinity in that Jesus was equal with God, and that the Textus Receptus was corrupt – he was given to Higher Criticism and believed that 1 John 5:7 and 1 Timothy 3:16 were later added to the text – he did not believe in the faith that could not be understood – I do not consider him a true Christian)
- Nida, Eugene A.
- Osburn, Carroll D.
- Parker, D.C.
- Pfeiffer, Charles F. H.
- Pickering, S. R.
- Pintaudi, Rosario
- Piselli, E.
- Porter, Calvin
- Preuschen,
- Reichmann, Victor
- Robertson, Archibald Thomas (thought the Textus receptors was corrupt and believed in higher criticism, and is author of “Word Pictures in the New Testament”)
- Roberts, Colin H. (“Greek Papyri”)
- Roca-Puig, P.
- Rosch, Friedrich
- Sanders, Henry A.
- Scanlin, Harold P.
- Schnackenburg, Rudolph
- Schofield, Ellwood
- Schwartz, J.
- Scott, Robert
- Skeat, Theodore
- Smith, W. Robertson
- Stegmuller, Otto
- Tasker, R. V. G.
- Testuz, Michael
- Thrall, Margaret E.
- Tiltin, H.
- Tischendorf, Constantin von (1869-72) (Discovered: Codex Sinaiticus)
- Tregelles, Samuel (1857-72) (produced Greek text using Alexandrian, came out in six parts)
- Turner, Eric G. (“Studies of The Papyri”)
- Twilley, L. D.
- Vielli, G.
- Von Soden
- Weiss, Bernhard (1894-1900)
- Wessely, Karl
- Westcott, Brooke F. (“introduction to the New Testament in the original Greek”)
- White, James
- Wikgren, Allen
- Williams, James
- Zuntz, Gunther
If there are any mistakes in that I have listed the wrong individuals I am always anxious to be corrected. But normally speaking these are the individuals that I avoid
4. Wikipedia Regarding Greek Deponent Verb and Middle Voice
“I used this explanation because it was the simplest to understand for the layman, without getting into more complicated issues”, Brent ~ LINK
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Romans 5:20 ![]()
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To commit blasphemy of the spirit you must knowingly accuse someone who you completely comprehend is functioning for the Holy Spirit, of doing evil and doing it in the power of the devil; such as the Pharisees. 
